DIAGNOSIS AND EPIDEMIOLOGY OF COVID-19

Abstract

COVID-19 is characterized by causing the pathology Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS), which is caused when the virus invades the body and begins to multiply, so the immune system identifies the proliferation of the virus and fights it by producing inflammatory cytokines. The numerous viruses called coronaviruses spread among animals, such as bats and cats, pigs and even camels. Eventually, through contact, these viruses reach humans, this effect is called "spillover event", which can be defined as the passage of an infectious agent to other host species, causing the spread of the pathology. The objectives of the work are in epidemiological studies to know the control of the spread of COVID-19 and to point out what epidemiological measures were adopted worldwide and what are the pathophysiological characteristics of the virus in question, in addition to describing the laboratory and diological diagnosis (serological tests and PCR, the gold standard for diagnosing COVID-19) and its specificities, as well as diagnostic imaging (magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography) and its findings in exams and diagnoses for the verification of systemic involvement, hematology and biochemistry. And, finally, to address the progress of epidemiology regarding the monitoring of the disease and its measures, as well as to describe vaccines and their mechanisms of action in the body.